There are 5 different phases in Magic the Gathering
This consist of 3 different parts
This is where players play certain cards such as creatures, sorcery spells, enchantment, and artifact spells.
This is the attacking phase. Whichever players turn it is can choose to either attack with certain creatures or play defense and keep them back.
The opposing player can choose to block certain creatures if they have anything in play.
This is the same as the first main phase. It just happens after the Combat Phase.
This is where players have a chance to cast anymore spells before the end of the turn.
This is when all abilities of spells resolve and everything is "cleaned up".